حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، . أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمَيْنِ يَوْمِ الْفِطْرِ وَيَوْمِ الأَضْحَى .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban
from alAraj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, forbade fasting on two days, the day of
Fitr and the day of Adha.
Yahya related to me from Malik that he used to hear the people of
knowledge say,"There is no harm in fasting continuously as long as one
breaks the fast on the days on which the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, forbade fasting, namely, the days of
Mina, the day of Adha and the day of Fitr, according to what we have
heard."
Malik said, "This is what I like most out of what I
have heard about the matter."
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 18, Hadith 37
Hadith 506720
Chapter 18: Fasting - كتاب الصيام
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنِ الْوِصَالِ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَإِنَّكَ تُوَاصِلُ فَقَالَ
" إِنِّي لَسْتُ كَهَيْئَتِكُمْ إِنِّي أُطْعَمُ وَأُسْقَى " .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umar
that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
forbade fasting for two days or more without breaking the fast in
between. They said, "But Messenger of Allah, you practise wisal." He
replied, "I am not the same as you. I am fed and given to drink."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj from
Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, said, "Beware of wisal. Beware of wisal." They said, "But
you practise wisal, Messenger of Allah." He replied, "I am not the
same as you. My Lord feeds me and gives me to drink."
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Said ibn
al-Musayyab was asked whether a man who had vowed to fast a month
could fast voluntarily, and Said said, "He should fulfil his vow
before he does any voluntary fasting."
Malik said, "I have
heard the same thing from Sulayman ibn Yasar."
Malik said,
"If someone dies with an unfulfilled vow to free a slave or to fast or
to give sadaqa or to give away a camel, and makes a bequest that his
vow should be fulfilled from his estate, then the sadaqa or the gift
of the camel are taken from one third of his estate. Preference is
given to it over other bequests, except things of a similar nature,
because by his vow it has become incumbent on him, and this is not the
case with something he donates voluntarily. They (vows and voluntary
donations) are settled from a limited one-third of his estate, and not
from the whole of it, since if the dying man were free to dispose of
all of his estate, he might delay settling what had become incumbent
on him (i.e. his vows), so that when death came and the estate passed
into the hands of his heirs, he would have bequeathed such things
(i.e. his vows) that were not claimed by anyone (like debts). If that
(i.e. to dispose freely of his property) were allowed him, he would
delay these things (i.e. his vows) until when he was near death, he
would designate them and they might take up all of his estate. He must
not do that."
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abdullah
ibn Umar used to be asked, "an some one fast for some one else, or do
the prayer for some one else?" and he would reply, "No one can fast or
do the prayer for anyone else."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from his
brother Khalid ibn Aslam that Umar ibn al-Khattab once broke thefast
on a cloudy day thinking that evening had come and the sun had set.
Then a man came to him and said, "Amir al-muminin, the sun has come
out,'' and Umar said, "That's an easy matter. It was our deduction
(ijtihad)."
Malik said, "According to what we think, and
Allah knows best, what he was referring to when he said, 'That's an
easy matter' was making up the fast, and how slight the effort
involved was and how easy it was. He was saying (in effect), 'We will
fast another day in its place.' "
Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar
used to say, "Someone who breaks the fast in Ramadan because he is ill
or travelling should make up the days he has missed consecutively."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibr Shihab that Abdullah ibn
Abbas and Abu Hurayra differed about making up days missed in Ramadan.
One of them said that they were done separately and the other said
that they were done consecutively. He did not know which one of them
it was who said that they were done separately.
Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar
used to say, "If some one makes himself vomit while he is fasting he
has to make up a day, but if he cannot help vomiting he does not have
to make up anything."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he heard
Said ibn al Musayyab being asked about making up days missed in
Ramadan, and Said said, "What I like best is for days missed in
Ramadan to be made up consecutively, and not separately."
Yahya said that he had heard Malik say, about some one who made up the
days he had missed in Ramadan separately, that he did not have to
repeat them. (What he had done) was enough for him. It was, however,
preferable, if he did them consecutively.
Malik said,
"Whoever eats or drinks thoughtlessly or forgetfully in Ramadan or
during any other obligatory fast that he must do, has to fast another
day in its place."
Yahya related to me from Malik that Humayd ibn Oays al-Makki told
him, "I was with Mujahid while he was performing tawaf around the
Kaba, and a man came to him and asked whether the days (of fasting)
for kaffara had to be fasted consecutively, or could they be split up.
I said to him, 'Yes, they can be split up, if the person so wishes.'
Mujahid said, 'He should not split them up, because in Ubayy ibn Kab's
recitation they are referred to as three consecutive days.' "
Malik said, "What I like most is what Allah has specified in the
Qur'an, that is, that they are fasted consecutively."
Malik
was asked about a woman who began the day fasting in Ramadan and
though it was outside of the time of her period, fresh blood (i.e. not
menstrual blood) flowed from her. She then waited until evening to see
the same, but did not see anything.Then, on the next day in the
morning she had anotherflow, though less than the first. Then, some
days before her period, the flow stopped completely. Malik was asked
what she should do about her fasting and prayer, and he said, "This
blood is like menstrual blood. When she sees it she should break her
fast, and then make up the days she has missed. Then, when the blood
has completely stopped, she should do ghusl and fast."
Malik
was asked whether someone who became muslim on the last day of Ramadan
had to make up all of Ramadan or whether he just had to make up the
day when he became muslim, and he said, "He does not have to make up
any of the days that have passed. He begins fasting from that day
onwards. What I like most is that he makes up the day on which he
became muslim."
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 18, Hadith 49
Hadith 506830
Chapter 18: Fasting - كتاب الصيام
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ، وَحَفْصَةَ، زَوْجَىِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَصْبَحَتَا صَائِمَتَيْنِ مُتَطَوِّعَتَيْنِ فَأُهْدِيَ لَهُمَا طَعَامٌ فَأَفْطَرَتَا عَلَيْهِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَقَالَتْ حَفْصَةُ وَبَدَرَتْنِي بِالْكَلاَمِ - وَكَانَتْ بِنْتَ أَبِيهَا - يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ أَنَا وَعَائِشَةُ صَائِمَتَيْنِ مُتَطَوِّعَتَيْنِ فَأُهْدِيَ إِلَيْنَا طَعَامٌ فَأَفْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم
" اقْضِيَا مَكَانَهُ يَوْمًا آخَرَ " .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that A'isha and Hafsa, the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began fasting voluntarily one morning and then food was given to them and they broke their fast with it. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came in. A'isha said, "Hafsa asked, anticipating me in speech - she took after her father Umar - 'Messenger of Allah, A'isha and I began the morning fasting voluntarily and then food was given us and we broke the fast with it.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Fast another day in its place.' "
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Anas ibn
Malik used to pay fidya when he had grown old and could no longer
manage to do the fast.
Malik said, "I do not consider that to
do so is obligatory, but what I like most is that a man does the fast
when he is strong enough. Whoever pays compensation gives one mudd of
food in place of every day, using the mudd of the Prophet, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace."
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abdullah
ibn Umar was asked about what a pregnant woman should do if the fast
became difficult for her and she feared for her child, and he said,
"She should break the fast and feed a poor man one mudd of wheat in
place of every day, using the mudd of the Prophet, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace."
Malik said, "The people of knowledge
consider that she has to make up for each day of the fast that she
misses as Allah, the Exalted and Glorified, says, 'And whoever of you
is sick or on a journey should fast an equal number of other days, '
and they consider her pregnancy and her concern for her child as a
sickness."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim
that his father used to say, "If someone has to make up for days not
fasted in Ramadan and does not do them before the next Ramadan comes
although he is strong enough to do so, he should feed a poor man with
a mudd of wheat for every day that he has missed, and he has to fast
the days he owes as well."
Yahya related to me from Malik
that he had heard the same thing from Said ibn Jubayr.
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 18, Hadith 53
Hadith 506880
Chapter 18: Fasting - كتاب الصيام
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم تَقُولُ إِنْ كَانَ لَيَكُونُ عَلَىَّ الصِّيَامُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَمَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَصُومُهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ شَعْبَانُ
Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Abu
Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman that he heard A'isha, the wife of the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "I used to have
to make up days from Ramadan and not be able to do them until Shaban
came."
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 18, Hadith 54
Hadith 506890
Chapter 18: Fasting - كتاب الصيام
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَصُومُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لاَ يُفْطِرُ وَيُفْطِرُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لاَ يَصُومُ وَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم اسْتَكْمَلَ صِيَامَ شَهْرٍ قَطُّ إِلاَّ رَمَضَانَ وَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ فِي شَهْرٍ أَكْثَرَ صِيَامًا مِنْهُ فِي شَعْبَانَ .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n Nadr, the mawla of Umar
ibn Ubaydullah, from Abu Salama ibn Abd ar-Rahman that A'isha, the
wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,
"The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used
to fast for so long that we thought he would never stop fasting, and
he would go without fasting for so long that we thought he would never
fast again. I never saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, fast for a complete month except for Ramadan, and
I never saw him do more fasting in any one month than he did in
Shaban.'
Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z Zinad from al-A'raj
from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, said, "Fasting is a protection for you, so when you
are fasting, do not behave obscenely or foolishly, and if any one
argues with you or abuses you, say, 'I am fasting. I am fasting.' "
Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z Zinad from al-Araj from
Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, said, "By the One in Whose hand my self is, the smell of
the breath of a man fasting is better with Allah than the scent of
musk.' He leaves his desires and his food and drink for My sake.
Fasting is for Me and I reward it. Every good action is rewarded by
ten times its kind, up to seven hundred times, except fasting, which
is for Me, and I reward it.' "
Yahya related to me from Malik from his paternal uncle Abu Suhayl
ibn Malik from his father that Abu Hurayra said, "When Ramadan comes
the gates of the Garden are opened and the gates of the Fire are
locked, and the shayatin are chained."
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 18, Hadith 59
Hadith 506930
Chapter 19: I'tikaf in Ramadan - كتاب الاعتكاف
حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذَا اعْتَكَفَ يُدْنِي إِلَىَّ رَأْسَهُ فَأُرَجِّلُهُ وَكَانَ لاَ يَدْخُلُ الْبَيْتَ إِلاَّ لِحَاجَةِ الإِنْسَانِ .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-
Zubayr from Amra bint Abd ar-Rahman that A'isha, the wife of the
Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,"When the
Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did
itikaf he would bring his head near to me and I would comb it. He
would only go into the house to relieve himself."
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Amra bint Abd
ar-Rahman that when A'isha was doing itikaf she would only ask after
sick people if she was walking and not if she was standing still.
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should not carry out
obligations of his, nor leave the mosque for them, nor should he help
anyone. He should only leave the mosque to relieve himself. If he were
able to go out to do things for people, visiting the sick, praying
over the dead and following funeral processions would be the things
with the most claim on his coming out."
Malik said, "A person
doing itikaf is not doing itikaf until he avoids what some one doing
itikaf should avoid, namely, visiting the sick, praying over the dead,
and entering houses, except to relieve himself."
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had asked Ibn Shihab
whether someone doing itikaf could go into a house to relieve himself,
and he said, "Yes, there is no harm in that."
Malik said,
"The situation that we are all agreed upon here is that there is no
disapproval of anyone doing itikaf in a mosque where jumua is held.
The only reason I see for disapproving of doing itikaf in a mosque
where jumua is not held is that the man doing itikaf would have to
leave the mosque where he was doing itikaf in order to go to jumua, or
else not go there at all. If, however, he is doing itikaf in a mosque
where jumua is not held, and he does not have to go to jumua in any
other mosque, then I see no harm in him doing itikaf there, because
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says, 'While you are doing itikaf in
mosques,' and refers to all mosques in general, without specifying any
particular kind."
Malik continued, "Accordingly, it is
permissiblefor a man to do itikaf in a mosque where jumua is not held
if he does not have to leave it to go to a mosque where jumua is
held."
Malik said, "A person doing itikaf should spend the
night only in the mosque where he is doing itikaf, except if his tent
is in one of the courtyards of the mosque. I have never heard that
someone doing itikaf can put up a shelter anywhere except in the
mosque itself or in one of the courtyards of the mosque.
Part
of what shows that he must spend the night in the mosque is the saying
of A'isha, 'When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, was doing itikaf, he would only go into the house to
relieve himself.' Nor should he do itikaf on the roof of the mosque or
in the minaret."
Malik said, "The person who is going to do
itikaf should enter the place where he wishes to do itikaf before the
sun sets on the night when he wishes to begin his itikaf, so that he
is ready to begin the itikaf at the beginning of the night when he is
going to start his itikaf. A person doing itikaf should be occupied
with his itikaf, and not turn his attention to other things which
might occupy him, such as trading or whatever. There is no harm,
however, if some one doing itikaf tells some one to do something for
him regarding his estate, or the affairs of his family, or tells
someone to sell some property of his, or something else that does not
occupy him directly. There is no harm in him arranging for someone
else to do that for him if it is a simple matter."
Malik
said, "I have never heard any of the people of knowledge mentioning
any modification as far as how to do itikaf is concerned. Itikaf is an
act of ibada like the prayer, fasting, the hajj, and such like acts,
whether they are obligatory or voluntary. Anyone who begins doing any
of these acts should do them according to what has come down in the
sunna. He should not start doing anything in them that the muslims
have not done, whether it is a modification that he imposes on others,
or one that he begins doing himself. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, practised itikaf, and the muslims know
what the sunna of itikaf is."
Malik said, "Itikaf and jiwar
are the same, and Itikaf is the same for a village-dweller as it is
for a nomad."
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that al-Qasim
ibn Muhammad and Nafi, the mawla of Abdullah ibn Umar said, "You
cannot do itikaf unless you are fasting, because of what Allah, the
Blessed and Exalted, says in His Book, 'And eat and drink until the
white thread becomes clear to you from the black thread of dawn, then
complete the fast until night-time, and do not have intercourse with
them while you are doing itikaf in mosques,' (Sura 2 ayat 187). Allah
only mentions itikaf together with fasting."
Malik said,
"That is what we go by here."