“A man from (the
tribe of) Ashja’ died in Khaibar, and the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
‘Offer the funeral prayer for your companion.’ The people found
that strange.* When he saw that, he said: ‘Your companion stole
from the spoils of war (when fighting) in the cause of Allah.’”
Chapter 34: Stealing from the spoils of war - كتاب الجهاد
It was
narrated that ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr said:
حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، قَالَ كَانَ عَلَى ثَقَلِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ كِرْكِرَةُ . فَمَاتَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم
" هُوَ فِي النَّارِ " . فَذَهَبُوا يَنْظُرُونَ فَوَجَدُوا عَلَيْهِ كِسَاءً أَوْ عَبَاءَةً قَدْ غَلَّهَا .
“There was a man called
Kirkah in charge of the goods of the Prophet (ﷺ), who died. The
Prophet (ﷺ) said: ‘He is in Hell.’ They went and looked, and
found
him wearing a garment or a cloak that he had stolen from the
spoils of
war.”
“The Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) led us in prayer on the Day of Hunain, beside a camel that was
part of the spoils of war. Then he took something from the camel, and
extracted from it a hair, which he placed between two of his fingers.
Then he said: ‘O people, this is part of your spoils of war. Hand
over
a needle and thread and anything greater than that or less than
that.
For stealing from the spoils of war will be a source of shame
for
those who do it, and ignominy and Fire, on the Day of
Resurrection.’”
It was
narrated from ‘Ubadah bin Samit that the Prophet (ﷺ) awarded
one
quarter of the spoils to those who attacked the enemy at the
beginning and one third to those who attacked at the end.
Chapter 35: Awards granted from the spoils of war - كتاب الجهاد
‘Amr
bin Shu’aib narrated from his father that his grandfather said:
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ، أَنْبَأَنَا رَجَاءُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ لاَ نَفَلَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَرُدُّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ قَوِيُّهُمْ عَلَى ضَعِيفِهِمْ .
قَالَ رَجَاءٌ فَسَمِعْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ مُوسَى، يَقُولُ لَهُ حَدَّثَنِي مَكْحُولٌ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَفَّلَ فِي الْبَدْأَةِ الرُّبُعَ وَحِينَ قَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ . فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو أُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي وَتُحَدِّثُنِي عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ
“There is no awarding of the spoils after the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ), rather whatever the army acquires (of spoils of war) will be
distributed among strong and weak alike.”
Chapter 36: Division of spoils of war - كتاب الجهاد
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَسْهَمَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ لِلْفَارِسِ ثَلاَثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ وَلِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمٌ .
It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) distributed the
war
spoils on the Day of Khaibar, giving three shares to the horseman,
two shares for the horse, and one share for the man.
“I fought alongside my master on the Day of
Khaibar,
and I was a slave. I was not given anything from the spoils
of war but
I was given from the least of the utensils (goods) a
sword, which I
dragged when I put it around my waist.”
“I fought
alongside the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in seven campaigns, looking
after their goods, making food for them, tending the wounded and
looking after the sick.”
“The Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) sent us in a military detachment and said: ‘Go in the Name of
Allah, and in the cause of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in
Allah.
Do not mutilate, do not be treacherous, do not steal from the
spoils
of war, and do not kill children.’”
“Whenever he
appointed a man to lead a military detachment, the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) would advise him especially to fear Allah and treat the Muslims
with him well. He (ﷺ) said: ‘Fight in the Name of Allah and in
the
cause of Allah. Fight those how disbelieve in Allah. Fight but do
not
be treacherous, do not steal from the spoils of war, do not
mutilate
and do not kill children. When you meet your enemy from
among the
polytheists, call them to one of three things. Whichever of
them they
respond to, accept it from them and refrain from fighting
them. Invite
them to accept Islam, and if they respond then accept it
from them and
refrain from fighting them. Then invite them to leave
their land and
move to the land of the polytheists. Tell them that if
they do that,
then they will have the same rights and duties as the
polytheists. If
they refuse, then tell them that they will be like
the Muslim Bedouins
(who live in the desert), subject to the same
rulings of Allah as the
believers. But they will have no share of
Fay’* or war spoils, unless
they fight alongside the Muslims. If
they refuse to enter Islam, then
ask them to pay the Poll-tax. If
they do that, then accept it from
them and refrain from fighting
them. But if they refuse, then seek the
help of Allah against them
and fight them. If you lay siege to them
and they want you to give
them the protection of Allah and your
Prophet, do not give them the
protection of Allah and your Prophet,
rather give them your
protection and the protection of your father and
your Companions, for
if you violate your protection and the protection
of your fathers,
that is easier than violating the protection of Allah
and the
protection of His Messenger. If you lay siege to them and they
want
you to let them come out with a promise of the judgement of Allah
and
His Messenger (ﷺ), do not offer them a promise of the judgement
of
Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ), rather offer them your judgement,
because you do not know if you will actually pass (the same as)
Allah’s judgement regarding them or not.’”
Another chain reports a similar hadith.
“Even if the one appointed over you is a mutilated
Ethiopian
slave whose nose and ears have been cut off, listen to him
and obey,
so long as he leads you according to the Book of Allah.”
It was
narrated from Abu Dharr that he reached Rabadhah when the
Iqamah for
the prayer had already been given, and there was a slave
leading them
in prayer. It was said:
“This is Abu Dharr,” so he (the
slave)
started to move back. But Abu Dharr said: “My close friend
(i.e.,
the Prophet (ﷺ)) told me to listen and obey, even if (the
leader
was) an Ethiopian slave with amputated limbs.”
Chapter 40: There is no obedience through disobedience towards Allah - كتاب الجهاد
It was
narrated from Abu Sa’eed Al-Khudri that the Messenger of Allah
(ﷺ) sent ‘Alqamah bin Mujazziz at the head of a detachment, and I
was among them. When he reached the battle site, or when he was
partway there, a group of the army asked permission to take a
different route, and he gave them permission, and appointed ‘Abdullah
bin Hudhafah bin Qais As-Sahmi as their leader, and I was one of
those
who fought alongside with him. When we were partway there, the
people
lit a fire to warm themselves and cook some food. ‘Abdullah,
who was a
man who liked to joke, said:
“Do I not have the right
that you should
listen to me and obey?” They said: “Yes.” He
said: “And if I command
you to do something, will you not do it?”
They said: “Of course.” He
said: “Then I command you to jump
into this fire.” Some people got up
and got ready to jump, and when
he saw that they were about to jump,
he said: “Restrain yourselves,
for I was joking with you.” When we
came to Al-Madinah, they
mentioned that to the Prophet (ﷺ), and the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
said: “Whoever among you commands you to do
something that involves
disobedience to Allah, do not obey him.”
“The Muslim is obliged to obey (the ruler) whether he likes it
or
not, unless he is commanded to commit an act of disobedience. If he
is commanded to commit a sin then he should neither listen nor obey.”
“Among those in charge of you, after I am gone, will be men who
extinguish the Sunnah and follow innovation. They will delay the
prayer from its proper time.” I said: “O Messenger of Allah, if I
live
to see them, what should I do?” He said: “You ask me, O Ibn
‘Abd, what
you should do? There is no obedience to one who disobeys
Allah.”
“We gave our pledge to
the
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), pledging to listen and obey in times of
hardship and times of ease, willingly or reluctantly, and when others
are shown preference over us, and that we would not dispute the order
of those in charge, that we would speak the truth wherever we are,
and
that we would not fear the blame of anyone when acting or
speaking for
the sake of Allah.”
“We were with the Prophet (ﷺ) –
seven or eight or nine of us – and he said: ‘Will you not give
pledge
to the Messenger of Allah?’ So we stretched forth our hands
and
someone said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, we have already given you
our
pledge. On what basis shall we give this pledge?’ He said: ‘(On
the
basis that) you will worship Allah and not associate anything
with
Him, you will establish the five daily prayers, you will listen
and
obey’ – then he spoke some words under his breath – ‘and
you will not
ask the people for anything.’ He said: ‘I saw some
of that group. If
he dropped his whip he would not ask anyone to pick
it up for him.’”
It was
narrated that ‘Attab, the freed slave of Hurmuz, said:
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَتَّابٍ، - مَوْلَى هُرْمُزَ - قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يَقُولُ بَايَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ فَقَالَ
" فِيمَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ " .
“I
heard
Anas bin Malik say: ‘We gave our pledge to the Messenger of
Allah
(ﷺ) on the basis that we would listen and obey. He (ﷺ) said:
“As
much as you can.”
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رُمْحٍ، أَنْبَأَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ جَاءَ عَبْدٌ فَبَايَعَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ وَلَمْ يَشْعُرِ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ فَجَاءَ سَيِّدُهُ يُرِيدُهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم
" بِعْنِيهِ " . فَاشْتَرَاهُ بِعَبْدَيْنِ أَسْوَدَيْنِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يُبَايِعْ أَحَدًا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ أَعَبْدٌ هُوَ
“A slave came and gave his pledge to
the
Prophet (ﷺ), pledging to emigrate, and the Prophet (ﷺ) did not
realize that he was a slave. Then his master came looking for him,
and
the Prophet (ﷺ) said: ‘Sell him to me,’ and he brought him
in
exchange for two black slaves. Then after that he did not accept
the
pledge from anyone until he had asked whether he was a slave.”
“There are three to whom Allah will not speak on the Day of
Resurrection, not will He look at them nor purify them, and theirs
will be a painful torment: A man who has surplus water in the desert
and withholds it from a wayfarer; a man who sells a man his product
after ‘Asr, swearing by Allah that he bought it for such and such a
price, and the other believes him, but that is not the case; and a
man
who gives his pledge to a ruler, only doing to for the purpose of
worldly gain, and if he is given something he fulfills it, but if he
is not given anything he does not fulfill it.”
“The affairs of the Children of Israel were administered by
their
Prophets. Every time a Prophet left, he was followed by another,
but
there will be no Prophet among you after I am gone.” They said:
“What will happen, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “There will
be
caliphs and there will be many of them.” They said: “What
should we
do?” He said: “Fulfill your pledge to the first one,
then the one who
comes after him, and do the duties required of you,
for Allah will
question them about the duties upon them.”