Chapter 35: Being Cautious With Regard To Weights And Measures - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said:
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَقِيلِ بْنِ خُوَيْلِدٍ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ النَّحْوِيُّ، أَنَّ عِكْرِمَةَ، حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ لَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ الْمَدِينَةَ كَانُوا مِنْ أَخْبَثِ النَّاسِ كَيْلاً فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ {وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ} فَأَحْسَنُوا الْكَيْلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ .
"When the Prophet (ﷺ) came to Al-Madinah, they were the worst people in weights and measures. Then Allah, Glorious is He revealed: "Woe to the Mutaffifun (those who give less in measure and weight)",[1] and they were fair in weights and measures after that.
Chapter 36: Prohibition Of Cheating - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said:
حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ بِرَجُلٍ يَبِيِعُ طَعَامًا فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِيهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ مَغْشُوشٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ
" لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ غَشَّ " .
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) passed by a man who was selling food. He put his hand in it and saw that there was something wrong with it. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, 'He is not one of us who cheats."'
Chapter 36: Prohibition Of Cheating - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated that Abu Hamra' said:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْحَمْرَاءِ، قَالَ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ مَرَّ بِجَنَبَاتِ رَجُلٍ عِنْدَهُ طَعَامٌ فِي وِعَاءٍ فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِيهِ فَقَالَ
" لَعَلَّكَ غَشَشْتَهُ مَنْ غَشَّنَا فَلَيْسَ مِنَّا " .
"I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) pass by a man having food in a vessel. He put his hand in it and said: 'Perhaps you are cheating. Whoever cheats us is not one of us."'
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever buys food, let him not sell it until he has taken full possession of it.'" (Sahih) In his narration, (one of the narrators) Abu 'Awanah said: "Ibn 'Abbas said: 'I think everything is like food."'
Chapter 37: The Prohibition Of Selling Food Before Taking Possession Of It - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated that Jabir said:
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ عَنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ حَتَّى يَجْرِيَ فِيهِ الصَّاعَانِ صَاعُ الْبَائِعِ وَصَاعُ الْمُشْتَرِي .
'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling food bought by measure until two Sa' have been measured - the Sa' of the seller and the Sa' of the buyer."[1]
Chapter 38: Chapter Sales Involving Risk (Due To Its Amount Being Unknown) - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated that Ibn 'Umar said:
حَدَّثَنَا سَهْلُ بْنُ أَبِي سَهْلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ كُنَّا نَشْتَرِي الطَّعَامَ مِنَ الرُّكْبَانِ جِزَافًا فَنَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ أَنْ نَبِيعَهُ حَتَّى نَنْقُلَهُ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ .
"We used to buy food from troops of riders (i.e., the caravans) without knowing the amount, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade us to sell it until it had been delivered to us."
"I used to sell dates in the marketplace, and I would say: 'This was such and such an amount (when I bought it).' I Would give the purchaser a specific amount of dates according to the way it had been measured for me, and take my profit. Then I began to have some doubts about that, so I asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he said: ‘When you name the amount, measure it in front of the purchaser."'
the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went to the market of Nabit,[1] and looked at it, and said: "This is not a market for you." Then we went to another market and looked at it, and said: "This is not a market for you." Then he came back to this market and walked around in it then he said: "This is your market. It will always be your market and no duty will be levied on it." (Do,if)
Chapter 40: Marketplaces And Entering Them - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated that Salman said :
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُسْتَمِرِّ الْعُرُوقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْسُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْنٌ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، عَنْ سَلْمَانَ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ يَقُولُ
" مَنْ غَدَا إِلَى صَلاَةِ الصُّبْحِ غَدَا بِرَايَةِ الإِيمَانِ وَمَنْ غَدَا إِلَى السُّوقِ غَدَا بِرَايَةِ إِبْلِيسَ " .
"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: 'Whoever goes to the Morning prayer first thing in the morning, he goes out with the banner of faith but whoever goes out to the marketplace first thing in the morning, he goes out under the banner of Iblis (Satan).' "
"Whoever says, when he enters the marketplace: 'La ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul-mulk wa lahul-hamdu, yuhyi wa yumitu, wa Huwa hayyun la yamutu, bi yadihil-khairu kulluhu, wa Huwa ala kulli shay’in Qadir (None has the right to be worshiped but Allah alone, with no partner, to Him belongs all sovereignty and to Him is the praise, He gives life and gives death, and He is Ever-Living and does not die; in His Hand is all goodness and He is Able to do all things),' Allah will record for him one million good deeds, and will erase from him one million bad deeds, and will build for him a house in Paradise. "
"O Allah, bless my nation in their early mornings (i.e., what they do early in the morning)." (Hasan)He said: "When he sent out a raiding party or an army, he would send them at the beginning of the day." He said: (1) "Sakhr was a man engaged in trade, and he used to send his goods out at the beginning of the day, and his wealth grew and increased."
Chapter 42: Sale of the Musarrah (animal whose udders were tied up) - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ قَالَ
" مَنِ ابْتَاعَ مُصَرَّاةً فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَإِنْ رَدَّهَا رَدَّ مَعَهَا صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ لاَ سَمْرَاءَ " . يَعْنِي الْحِنْطَةَ .
"O Allah, bless my nation in their early mornings.". It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever buys a Musarrah, he has the choice (of annulling the deal) for three days. If he returns it, then he must also give a Sa' of dates, not Samra'." Meaning wheat.
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever buys a Muhaffalah, (1) he has the choice (of annulling the deal) for three days. If he returns it, then he must also give wheat equal to twice, the amount of its milk, or equal to the amount of its milk."'
Chapter 42: Sale of the Musarrah (animal whose udders were tied up) - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud said:
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا الْمَسْعُودِيُّ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَشْهَدُ عَلَى الصَّادِقِ الْمَصْدُوقِ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَنَا قَالَ
" بَيْعُ الْمُحَفَّلاَتِ خِلاَبَةٌ وَلاَ تَحِلُّ الْخِلاَبَةُ لِمُسْلِمٍ " .
"I bear witness that the true and truly inspired one Abul-Qasim (ﷺ) told us: 'Selling a Muhaffalah is Khilabah, and Khilabah is not lawful for the Muslim."' (Ibn Majah said: " Meaning: 'Deception.")
Chapter 43: A Slave’s Earning Belong To His Guarantor - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated from 'Aishah that:
حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الزَّنْجِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلاً، اشْتَرَى عَبْدًا فَاسْتَغَلَّهُ ثُمَّ وَجَدَ بِهِ عَيْبًا فَرَدَّهُ . فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ قَدِ اسْتَغَلَّ غُلاَمِي . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ
" الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ " .
a man bought a slave and put him to work, then he found some defect in him, so he returned him. He (the seller) said: "O Messenger of Allah he put my slave to work." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "A slave's earnings belong to his guarantor."
Chapter 45: One Who Sells Defective Goods Should Point Out The Defect - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated that 'Uqbah bin 'Amir said:
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَيُّوبَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ شُمَاسَةَ، عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ يَقُولُ
" الْمُسْلِمُ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ وَلاَ يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ بَاعَ مِنْ أَخِيهِ بَيْعًا فِيهِ عَيْبٌ إِلاَّ بَيَّنَهُ لَهُ " .
"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'The Muslim is the brother of another Muslim, and it is not permissible for a Muslim to sell his brother goods in which there is a defect, without pointing that out to him."'