"Vows do not bring the son of Adam anything unless it has been decreed for him. But he is dominated by Divine preordainment, and will get what is decreed for him. And (vows) are a means of making the miser give something, so what he desires becomes obtainable for him, which was not obtainable before his vow. And Allah says: 'Spend, I will spend on you.'
"Whoever makes a vow and does not state it specifically, the expiation (for such a vow) is the expiation for breaking an oath. Whoever makes a vow and is not able to fulfill it, the expiation for that is the expiation for breaking an oath. Whoever makes a vow and is able to fulfill it, let him do so."
"O Messenger of Allah, I vowed to offer a sacrifice at Buwanah." He said: "Do you intend any action of Ignorance period?" He said: "No." He said: "Then fulfill your vow."
It was narrated from Maimunah bint Kardam Al-Yasariyyah that :
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الطَّائِفِيِّ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ كَرْدَمٍ الْيَسَارِيَّةِ، أَنَّ أَبَاهَا، لَقِيَ النَّبِيَّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ وَهِيَ رَدِيفَةٌ لَهُ فَقَالَ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ أَنْ أَنْحَرَ بِبُوَانَةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ " هَلْ بِهَا وَثَنٌ " . قَالَ لاَ . قَالَ " أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ " .
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ دُكَيْنٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مِقْسَمٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ كَرْدَمٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ بِنَحْوِهِ .
her father met the Prophet (ﷺ) when she was riding behind him. He said: "I vowed to offer a sacrifice at Buwanah." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Is there any idol there?" He said: "No." He said: " Fulfill your vow." (Hasan)Another chain with similar wording.
Chapter 19: One who dies with a vow left to fulfill - كتاب الكفارات
It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas' that :
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رُمْحٍ، أَنْبَأَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ، اسْتَفْتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ فِي نَذْرٍ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَلَمْ تَقْضِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ
" اقْضِهِ عَنْهَا " .
Sa'd bin 'Ubadah asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about a vow which his mother had made, but she had died without fulfilling it. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Fulfill it on her behalf ."
Chapter 19: One who dies with a vow left to fulfill - كتاب الكفارات
It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullsh that :
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، . أَنَّ امْرَأَةً، أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ أُمِّي تُوُفِّيَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا نَذْرُ صِيَامٍ فَتُوُفِّيَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ
" لِيَصُمْ عَنْهَا الْوَلِيُّ " .
a woman came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: "My mother has died, and she had made a vow to fast, but she died before she could fulfill it. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Let her guardian fast on her behalf ."
'Uqbah bin 'Amir told him, that his sister vowed to walk, barefoot and bareheaded, and he mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) He said: "Order her to ride and to cover her head, and to fast for three days."
"The Prophet (ﷺ) saw an old man walking between his two sons, and he said: What is the matter with him?' His sons said: 'A vow, O Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'Let this old man ride, for Allah has no need of you or your vow."'
Chapter 21: One who mixes obedience and sin in his vow - كتاب الكفارات
It was narrated from Ibn Abbas that the :
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَرْوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ مَرَّ بِرَجُلٍ بِمَكَّةَ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ فِي الشَّمْسِ فَقَالَ " مَا هَذَا " . قَالُوا نَذَرَ أَنْ يَصُومَ وَلاَ يَسْتَظِلَّ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَلاَ يَتَكَلَّمَ وَلاَ يَزَالَ قَائِمًا . قَالَ " لِيَتَكَلَّمْ وَلْيَسْتَظِلَّ وَلْيَجْلِسْ وَلْيُتِمَّ صِيَامَهُ " .
حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَنَبَةَ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْعَلاَءُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، عَنْ وُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ نَحْوَهُ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ .
Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) passed by a man in Makkah who was standing in the sun. He said: "What is this?" They said: "He vowed to fast and not to seek shade until night comes, and not to speak, and to remain standing." He said: "Let him speak and seek shade and let him sit down, but let him complete his fast."Another chain from Ibn 'Abbas, from the Prophet (ﷺ), with similar wording. expiation for breaking an oath."
Chapter 1: Encouragement To Earn A Living - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated from Miqdam bin Ma'dikarib (Ar- Zubaidi) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ بَحِيرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ، عَنِ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ الزُّبَيْدِيِّ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ قَالَ
" مَا كَسَبَ الرَّجُلُ كَسْبًا أَطْيَبَ مِنْ عَمَلِ يَدِهِ وَمَا أَنْفَقَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَأَهْلِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ وَخَادِمِهِ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ " .
"No man earns anything better than that which he earns with his own hands, and what a man spends on himself, his wife, his child and his servant, then it is charity."
Chapter 1: Encouragement To Earn A Living - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ كَاسِبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، عَنْ ثَوْرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْغَيْثِ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ مُطِيعٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ قَالَ
" السَّاعِي عَلَى الأَرْمَلَةِ وَالْمِسْكِينِ كَالْمُجَاهِدِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكَالَّذِي يَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ وَيَصُومُ النَّهَارَ " .
'The one who strives to support the widow and the poor is like a Mujahid who fights in the cause of Allah, and like one who stands in the night (in voluntary prayer) and fasts by day."
"We were sitting in a gathering, and the Prophet (ﷺ) came with traces of water on his head. One of us said to him: 'We see that you are of good cheer today.' He said: 'Yes, praise is to Allah.' Then he spoke to the people about being rich. He said: 'There is nothing wrong with being rich for one who has piety, but good health for one who has piety is better than riches, and being of good cheer is a blessing."
Chapter 2: Moderation In Seeking To Earn A Living - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ بَهْرَامَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، زَوْجُ بِنْتِ الشَّعْبِيِّ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ الرَّقَاشِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ
" أَعْظَمُ النَّاسِ هَمًّا الْمُؤْمِنُ الَّذِي يَهُمُّ بِأَمْرِ دُنْيَاهُ وَأَمْرِ آخِرَتِهِ " . قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ .
The one who has the most concerns is the believer who is concerned about both his worldly affairs and his Hereafter."' (Da'if)Abu 'Abdullah said: "This Hadith is Gharib' Isma'il, alone, has narrated it."
"O people, fear Allah and be moderate in seeking a living, for no soul will die until it has received all its provision, even if it is slow in coming. So fear Allah and be moderate in seeking provision; take that which is permissible and leave that which is forbidden. "
Chapter 3: Fearing Allah In Business - كتاب التجارات
It was narrated that Qais bin Abu Gharazah said:
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ، قَالَ كُنَّا نُسَمَّى فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ السَّمَاسِرَةَ فَمَرَّ بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ فَسَمَّانَا بِاسْمٍ هُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ
" يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارِ إِنَّ الْبَيْعَ يَحْضُرُهُ الْحَلِفُ وَاللَّغْوُ فَشُوبُوهُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ " .
"At the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) we used to be called brokers, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) passed by us and called by a name that was better than that. He said: 'O merchants, selling involves (false) oaths and idle talk, so mix some charity with it."'
"We went out with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the people were trading early in the morning. He called them: 'O merchants!' and when they looked up and craned their necks, he said : 'The merchants will be raised on the Day of Resurrection as immoral people, apart from those who fear Allah and act righteously and speak the truth (i.e. those who are honest)."'