Chapter 83: The selling of dates still on trees - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Abu Huraira:
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا، وَسَأَلَهُ، عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ أَحَدَّثَكَ دَاوُدُ عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَخَّصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا فِي خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ أَوْ دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ.
The Prophet (ﷺ) allowed the sale of the dates of 'Araya provided they were about five Awsuq (singular:
Wasaq which means sixty Sa's) or less (in amount).
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the selling of fruits (fresh dates) for dried dates but allowed the sale of fruits
on the 'Araya by estimation and their new owners might eat their dates fresh. Sufyan (in another
narration) said, "I told Yahya (a sub-narrator) when I was a mere boy, 'Meccans say that the Prophet (ﷺ)
allowed them the sale of the fruits on 'Araya by estimation.' Yahya asked, 'How do the Meccans know
about it?' I replied, 'They narrated it (from the Prophet (ﷺ) ) through Jabir.' On that, Yahya kept quiet."
Sufyan said, "I meant that Jabir belonged to Medina." Sufyan was asked whether in Jabir's narration
there was any prohibition of selling fruits before their benefit is evident (i.e. no dangers of being spoilt
or blighted). He replied that there was none.
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 396
Hadith 2192
Chapter 84: Araya - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Ibn `Umar from Zaid bin Thabit:
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ـ رضى الله عنهم ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا أَنْ تُبَاعَ بِخَرْصِهَا كَيْلاً. قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ وَالْعَرَايَا نَخَلاَتٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ تَأْتِيهَا فَتَشْتَرِيهَا.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) allowed the sale of 'Araya by estimating the dates on them for measured amounts of
dried dates. Musa bin `Uqba said, "Al- 'Araya were distinguished date palms; one could come and buy
them (i.e. their fruits).
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 397
Hadith 2193
Chapter 85: The sale of fruits before their benefit is evident - كتاب البيوع
وَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، كَانَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ الأَنْصَارِيِّ، مِنْ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ كَانَ النَّاسُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَتَبَايَعُونَ الثِّمَارَ، فَإِذَا جَدَّ النَّاسُ وَحَضَرَ تَقَاضِيهِمْ قَالَ الْمُبْتَاعُ إِنَّهُ أَصَابَ الثَّمَرَ الدُّمَانُ أَصَابَهُ مُرَاضٌ أَصَابَهُ قُشَامٌ ـ عَاهَاتٌ يَحْتَجُّونَ بِهَا ـ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لَمَّا كَثُرَتْ عِنْدَهُ الْخُصُومَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ
" فَإِمَّا لاَ فَلاَ يَتَبَايَعُوا حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلاَحُ الثَّمَرِ ". كَالْمَشُورَةِ يُشِيرُ بِهَا لِكَثْرَةِ خُصُومَتِهِمْ. وَأَخْبَرَنِي خَارِجَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَبِيعُ ثِمَارَ أَرْضِهِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الثُّرَيَّا فَيَتَبَيَّنَ الأَصْفَرُ مِنَ الأَحْمَرِ.
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد اللَّهِ رَوَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بَحْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَكَّامٌ حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّاءَ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ زَيْدٍ
Zaid bin Thabit (ra) said, "In the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), the people used to trade with fruits. When they cut their date-fruits and the purchasers came to recieve their rights, the seller would say, 'My dates have got rotten, they are blighted with disease, they are afflicted with Qusham (a disease which causes the fruit to fall before ripening).' They would go on complaining of defects in their purchases. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Do not sell the fruits before their benefit is evident (i.e. free from all the dangers of being spoiled or blighted), by way of advice for they quarrelled too much." Kharija bin Zaid bin Thabit said that Zaid bin Thabit (ra) used not to sell the fruits of his land till Pleiades appeared and one could distinguish the yellow fruits from the red (ripe) ones.
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 399
Hadith 2195
Chapter 85: The sale of fruits before their benefit is evident - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Anas:
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مُقَاتِلٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى أَنْ تُبَاعَ ثَمَرَةُ النَّخْلِ حَتَّى تَزْهُوَ. قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي حَتَّى تَحْمَرَّ.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the sale of date fruits till they were ripe. Abu `Abdullah (Al-Bukhari) said,
"That means till they were red (can be eaten).
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 401
Hadith 2197
Chapter 86: The sale of date-palms before their benefit is evident - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَلًّى، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلاَحُهَا، وَعَنِ النَّخْلِ حَتَّى يَزْهُوَ. قِيلَ وَمَا يَزْهُو قَالَ يَحْمَارُّ أَوْ يَصْفَارُّ.
The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the sale of fruits till their benefit is evident; and the sale of date palms till the
dates are almost ripe. He was asked what 'are almost ripe' meant. He replied, "Got red and yellow."
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 402
Hadith 2198
Chapter 87: If somebody sells fruits before their benefit is evident - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى تُزْهِيَ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ وَمَا تُزْهِي قَالَ حَتَّى تَحْمَرَّ. فَقَالَ
" أَرَأَيْتَ إِذَا مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ، بِمَ يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مَالَ أَخِيهِ ".
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the sale of fruits till they are almost ripe. He was asked what is meant by 'are almost ripe.' He replied, "Till they become red." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) further said, "If Allah spoiled the fruits, what right would one have to take the money of one's brother (i.e. other people)?"
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 403
Hadith 2199
Chapter 87: If somebody sells fruits before their benefit is evident - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Ibn Shihab:
قَالَ اللَّيْثُ حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً، ابْتَاعَ ثَمَرًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْدُوَ صَلاَحُهُ، ثُمَّ أَصَابَتْهُ عَاهَةٌ، كَانَ مَا أَصَابَهُ عَلَى رَبِّهِ، أَخْبَرَنِي سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ
" لاَ تَتَبَايَعُوا الثَّمَرَ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلاَحُهَا، وَلاَ تَبِيعُوا الثَّمَرَ بِالتَّمْرِ ".
If somebody bought fruits before their benefit
is evident and then the fruits were spoiled with blights, the loss
would be suffered by the owner (not the buyer).
Narrated Salim bin 'Abdullah from Ibn Umar: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Do
not sell or buy fruits before their benefit was evident and do not
sell fresh fruits (dates) for dried dates."
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 404
Hadith 2201
Chapter 89: To buy dates for Riba-Al-Fadl - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri and Abu Huraira:
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم اسْتَعْمَلَ رَجُلاً عَلَى خَيْبَرَ، فَجَاءَهُ بِتَمْرٍ جَنِيبٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " أَكُلُّ تَمْرِ خَيْبَرَ هَكَذَا ". قَالَ لاَ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا لَنَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ مِنْ هَذَا بِالصَّاعَيْنِ، وَالصَّاعَيْنِ بِالثَّلاَثَةِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " لاَ تَفْعَلْ، بِعِ الْجَمْعَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ، ثُمَّ ابْتَعْ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ جَنِيبًا ".
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) appointed somebody as a governor of Khaibar. That governor brought to him an
excellent kind of dates (from Khaibar). The Prophet (ﷺ) asked, "Are all the dates of Khaibar like this?" He
replied, "By Allah, no, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! But we barter one Sa of this (type of dates) for two Sas of
dates of ours and two Sas of it for three of ours." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Do not do so (as that is a kind
of usury) but sell the mixed dates (of inferior quality) for money, and then buy good dates with that
money."
If pollinated date-palms are sold and nothing is mentioned (in the contract) about their fruits, the fruits will go to the person who has pollinated them, and so will be the case with the slave and the cultivator. Nafi' mentioned those three things.
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 406
Hadith 2204
Chapter 90: Sold or rented date-palms which were pollinated, or land which was sown - كتاب البيوع
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar:
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ
" مَنْ بَاعَ نَخْلاً قَدْ أُبِّرَتْ فَثَمَرُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ، إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ ".
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "If somebody sells pollinated date palms, the fruits will be for the seller unless
the buyer stipulates that they will be for himself (and the seller agrees).
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 406
Hadith 2205
Chapter 91: The sale of unharvested crops for a measured quantity of foodstuff - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ ثَمَرَ حَائِطِهِ إِنْ كَانَ نَخْلاً بِتَمْرٍ كَيْلاً، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَرْمًا أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِزَبِيبٍ كَيْلاً أَوْ كَانَ زَرْعًا أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِكَيْلِ طَعَامٍ، وَنَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Al-Muzabana, i.e. to sell ungathered dates of one's garden for measured dried
dates or fresh ungathered grapes for measured dried grapes; or standing crops for measured quantity
of foodstuff. He forbade all such bargains.
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 407
Hadith 2206
Chapter 92: The sale of datepalms completely - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ
" أَيُّمَا امْرِئٍ أَبَّرَ نَخْلاً ثُمَّ بَاعَ أَصْلَهَا، فَلِلَّذِي أَبَّرَ ثَمَرُ النَّخْلِ، إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَهُ الْمُبْتَاعُ ".
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Whoever pollinates date palms and then sells them, the fruits will belong to him
unless the buyer stipulates that the fruits should belong to him (and the seller agrees).
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 408
Hadith 2207
Chapter 93: Bai' Al-Mukhadara - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي قَالَ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّهُ قَالَ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ، وَالْمُخَاضَرَةِ، وَالْمُلاَمَسَةِ، وَالْمُنَابَذَةِ، وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Muhaqala, Mukhadara, Mulamasa, Munabadha and Muzabana. (See glossary
and previous Hadiths for the meanings of these terms.)
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 409
Hadith 2208
Chapter 93: Bai' Al-Mukhadara - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Humaid:
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ ثَمَرِ التَّمْرِ حَتَّى تَزْهُوَ. فَقُلْنَا لأَنَسٍ مَا زَهْوُهَا قَالَ تَحْمَرُّ وَتَصْفَرُّ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَةَ بِمَ تَسْتَحِلُّ مَالَ أَخِيكَ
Anas said, "The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the selling of dates till they were almost ripe." We asked Anas,
"What does 'almost ripe' mean?" He replied, "They get red and yellow. The Prophet (ﷺ) added, 'If Allah
destroyed the fruits present on the trees, what right would the seller have to take the money of his
brother (somebody else)?' "
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 410
Hadith 2209
Chapter 94: The sale and eating of spadix - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهْوَ يَأْكُلُ جُمَّارًا، فَقَالَ " مِنَ الشَّجَرِ شَجَرَةٌ كَالرَّجُلِ الْمُؤْمِنِ ". فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَقُولَ هِيَ النَّخْلَةُ. فَإِذَا أَنَا أَحْدَثُهُمْ قَالَ " هِيَ النَّخْلَةُ ".
I was with the Prophet (ﷺ) while he was eating fresh dates. He said, "From the trees there is a tree which
resembles a faithful believer." I wanted to say that it was the date palm, but I was the youngest among
them (so I kept quiet). He added, "It is the date palm."
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 411
Hadith 2210
Chapter 95: Where there is no fixed judgement, the traditions and conventions of community are to be referred - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قَالَ حَجَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَبُو طَيْبَةَ، فَأَمَرَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِصَاعٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ، وَأَمَرَ أَهْلَهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفُوا عَنْهُ مِنْ خَرَاجِهِ.
Abu Taiba cupped Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and so Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ordered that a Sa of dates be paid to him and
ordered his masters (for he was a slave) to reduce his tax.
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 412
Hadith 2211
Chapter 95: Where there is no fixed judgement, the traditions and conventions of community are to be referred - كتاب البيوع
Narrated `Aisha:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ـ رضى الله عنها ـ قَالَتْ هِنْدٌ أُمُّ مُعَاوِيَةَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ، فَهَلْ عَلَىَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ مَالِهِ سِرًّا قَالَ
" خُذِي أَنْتِ وَبَنُوكِ مَا يَكْفِيكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ".
Hind, the mother of Mu'awiya said to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), "Abu Sufyan (her husband) is a miser. Am I
allowed to take from his money secretly?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said to her, "You and your sons may take what
is sufficient reasonably and fairly."
who heard Aisha saying, "The Holy Verse; 'Whoever amongst the guardians is rich, he should take no
wages (from the property of the orphans) but If he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and
reasonable (according to his labors)' (4.6) was revealed concerning the guardian of the orphans who
looks after them and manages favorably their financial affairs; If the guardian Is poor, he could have
from It what Is just and reasonable, (according to his labors).
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 414
Hadith 2213
Chapter 96: Selling of a jointproperty by one to the other - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Jabir:
حَدَّثَنِي مَحْمُودٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم الشُّفْعَةَ فِي كُلِّ مَالٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِّفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) gave preemption (to the partner) in every joint property, but if the boundaries of the
property were demarcated or the ways and streets were fixed, then there was no pre-emption.
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 415
Hadith 2214
Chapter 97: The sale of undivided common belongings - كتاب البيوع
Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah:
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ـ رضى الله عنهما ـ قَالَ قَضَى النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِالشُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ مَالٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِّفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ.
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) decided the validity of preemption in every joint undivided property, but if the
boundaries were well marked or the ways and streets were fixed, then there was no pre-emption.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "While three persons were walking, rain began to fall and they had to enter a cave in
a mountain. A big rock rolled over and blocked the mouth of the cave. They said to each other,
'Invoke Allah with the best deed you have performed (so Allah might remove the rock)'. One of them
said, 'O Allah! My parents were old and I used to go out for grazing (my animals). On my return I
would milk (the animals) and take the milk in a vessel to my parents to drink. After they had drunk
from it, I would give it to my children, family and wife. One day I was delayed and on my return I
found my parents sleeping, and I disliked to wake them up. The children were crying at my feet
(because of hunger). That state of affairs continued till it was dawn. O Allah! If You regard that I did
it for Your sake, then please remove this rock so that we may see the sky.' So, the rock was moved a
bit.
The second said, 'O Allah! You know that I was in love with a cousin of mine, like the deepest love a
man may have for a woman, and she told me that I would not get my desire fulfilled unless I paid her
one-hundred Dinars (gold pieces). So, I struggled for it till I gathered the desired amount, and when I
sat in between her legs, she told me to be afraid of Allah, and asked me not to deflower her except
rightfully (by marriage). So, I got up and left her. O Allah! If You regard that I did if for Your sake,
kindly remove this rock.' So, two-thirds of the rock was removed. Then the third man said, 'O Allah!
No doubt You know that once I employed a worker for one Faraq (three Sa's) of millet, and when I
wanted to pay him, he refused to take it, so I sowed it and from its yield I bought cows and a
shepherd. After a time that man came and demanded his money. I said to him: Go to those cows and
the shepherd and take them for they are for you. He asked me whether I was joking with him. I told
him that I was not joking with him, and all that belonged to him. O Allah! If You regard that I did it
sincerely for Your sake, then please remove the rock.' So, the rock was removed completely from the
mouth of the cave."